Four Types of Credibility

Presumed credibility – Based on general assumptions in the users’ mind.  It has a domain name that ends with ‘.org’ etc.

 

Reputed credibility – Based on third-party endorsements, reports, or referral. It often when a site is recommended by a third party, then it could very well be reputed credible.

 

Surface credibility – Based on the simple inspection, first impressions. It is a site that looks professionally designed.

 

Earned credibility – Based on the first-hand experience that extends over time. It is the web refers to websites that respond quickly back to the users/customers inquiries and questions.

Web Credibility in the Future

According to Fogg(2003), during the period from 1999 to 2002, the rapid development of the Internet and the increasing acceptance of information on the Internet by the society also questioned the credibility of the website. So people’s perception of web credibility has changed.

The following dot points inform the viewer of certain elements that can affect the webs’ trustworthiness.

• Promotional ads on web pages cover content
• Video and audio on the web page are automatically played and played out
• Scattered page layouts, users can not find useful information
• Use lots of them to slow down the page load
• Lack of social media

In order to ensure that users trust your site, you should update the content of your site from time to time, and set up comments so that you can know the user Suggestions and improve your site.

Why is Wikipedia Not Accepted as a Credible Resource?

Wikipedia as an open online resource, it allows anyone to create articles and write articles. Most of the writers are interested in related issues, but some of them are experts. But because it can be accessed and rewritten at any time, Wikipedia entries and articles are, in theory, constantly changing, revising, being revised, and being revised. Therefore, its accuracy is greatly compromised, and people naturally doubt its academic and authoritative nature.

Credibility

With the rapid development of the Web, the amount of information accumulated on the Web is getting larger and larger. At the same time, the popularity of the Internet and the rapid development of e-commerce have also changed the way people access information in the form of fees. People prefer to get information on the Internet. The Web has become one of the ways for people to get useful information. However, the Internet is a double-edged sword, bringing people great convenience as well as a series of problems. Among them, how to distinguish the credibility of high-quality information from the complex mass information has become a problem that has long puzzled people. The problem has also hindered the development of the network to some extent.

Evaluating information sources is an important part of the research process. Not all information is reliable or true, nor will all information be suitable for your paper or project. Print and Internet sources vary widely in their authority, accuracy, objectivity, currency, and coverage. Users must be able to critically evaluate the appropriateness of all types of information sources prior to relying on the information(“Evaluating Information Resources | Elmer E. Rasmuson Library”, 2018).

As a student, I always need to research for my essay topic,  The credibility of the website is a trouble for me because I do not know whether it can be trusted. So I often feel confused about which sources can be trusted.

 

 

References:

Evaluating Information Resources | Elmer E. Rasmuson Library. (2018). Retrieved from https://library.uaf.edu/ls101-evaluation

Fogg, B.J. (2003). Credibility and the world wide web. In persuasive technology; using computer to change what we think and do (pp.122-125). Amsterdam: Morgan Kaufmann publishers.

Psychology is necessary in Design

Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context. Psychology is very important to design because designers can grasp what their customers want from psychology, either the price is low, or the unique and distinctive product.

In design, the most commonly used colour and shape are also related to psychology. They can create a state of mind for people. For example, the colour black affects the mind and body by helping to create an inconspicuous feeling, boosting confidence in appearance, increasing the sense of potential and possibility, or producing feelings of emptiness, gloom, or sadness.

Chunking Technique in Relation to Design and Visual Communication

According to Pinola(2018), “Most of us are able to store only about four to seven different items in our short-term memory. One way to get past this limit is to use a technique called chunking. By grouping several items into one larger whole, you’ll be able to remember much more.”

Chunking involves creating something more meaningful – and therefore memorable – from seemingly random bits of information(pinola,2008). For instance, to remember a list of things- such as tomato, apple, coffee, and orange, you can create a word out of the first letters (“TACO”), which is easier to remember that the individual items.

Chunking also can use in the design and visual communication. It can be used to grouping the information, once condensed, information can be “chunked” to contribute to reading efficiency.

 

 

References:

Pinola, M. (2018). Improve Your Short-Term Memory With The Chunking Technique. Retrieved from https://www.lifehacker.com.au/2012/09/improve-your-short-term-memory-with-the-chunking-technique/

 

3 Visual Examples of Products or Artefacts that Satisfy the Design Principle of Performance Load.

This is an example of reducing the cognitive load as the website has minimized the information. This makes webpage load faster.

 

The new car keys support remote control, allowing people to lock or unlock their cars at a distance. So people don’t have to take the time to put their keys in the keyhole. This undoubtedly reduces the kinematic load.

Figure 1

 

Voice assistants can make mobile phone operations easier.  For example, when you want to call someone, you do not have to open the address book and look for the person you want to call. All you need is activate the voice assistant and tell him to call the person.

Figure 2

 

References:

Figure 1: BMW 7 Series Automobile Key. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?biw=1920&bih=978&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=1EbgW8u4HNGoyAOt_J6oBw&q=cool+car+key&oq=cool+car+key&gs_l=img.3..0l5j0i30k1j0i8i30k1l4.2275.3110.0.3328.5.5.0.0.0.0.210.802.0j2j2.4.0….0…1c.1.64.img..1.4.801…0i7i30k1j0i7i5i30k1j0i8i7i30k1.0.058M5F6l9Wc#imgrc=4DcwTEFS_zNvGM:

Figure 2: The Voice Assistant Battle! (2017). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkpAro4zIwU

 

Performance Load

Performance load is the degree of mental and physical activity required to achieve a goal(Lidwell, Holden & Butler, 2003). If the performance load is high, performance time and errors increase, and the probability of successfully accomplishing the goal decreases. The number of commands that had to be remembered to perform a task was the cognitive load for that task. Performance load consists of two types of loads: cognitive load and kinematic load.

Cognitive load is the mental activity needed to accomplish a goal – perception, problem-solving and the amount of information that working memory can hold at one time(Sweller & Ayres, 2011).

The kinematic load is the degree of physical activity – the number of steps or movements, or amount of force – required to accomplish a goal(Lidwell, Holden & Butler, 2003).

 

 

References:

Lidwell, W., Holden, K., & Butler, J. (2003). Performance Load. In Universal Principles of Design (pp.  148‐149). Massachusetts: Rockport.

Sweller, J., Ayres, P., & Kalyuga, S. (2011). Cognitive load theory (Explorations in the learning sciences, instructional systems and performance technologies). New York: Springer. (2011). Retrieved November 5, 2018, from INSERT-MISSING-DATABASE-NAME.

Learning Portfolio 2 – Consistency Examples

Coca-Cola is the world’s largest beverage company, and as one of its best-selling beverages, Coca-Cola has spawned many different flavors. Such as coco cola – light, coca cola- zero. And the image below shows that coca cola can use similar layout design for their different flavor cola.

Figure 1

The toilet sign is one of the most common signs in our daily life. And the toilet signs below, we can see these in almost any public place. The male sign and female sign used similar shape to create the consistency between these two signs.

Figure 2

Direction sign is one of the most common sign we can see on the road or highway. They all use the same colour and similar shape to create the consistency and make driver easily knows that this sign is to remind people where this road leads to.

Figure 3

 

References:

Figure 1: Coca-Cola — Brand consistency on Behance. Retrieved from https://www.behance.net/gallery/11196997/Coca-Cola-Brand-consistency

Figure 2: Vinyl Toilet Signs (9 Designs) | Viro Display UK. Retrieved from https://www.virodisplay.co.uk/products/vinyl-male-female-toilet-sign

Figure 3: driving instruction direction signs – multiple.GIF. Retrieved from https://www.mainroads.wa.gov.au/BuildingRoads/StandardsTechnical/RoadandTrafficEngineering/TrafficManagement/DirectionalSignsGuidelines/Pages/Guidelines_for_Direction_Signs_in_the_Perth_Metropolitan_Area.aspx

Consistency

According to the principle of consistency, systems are more usable and learnable when similar parts are expressed in similar ways(Lidwell & Holden, 2003). Consistency enables people to effectively transfer knowledge to new contexts, learn new things quickly, and focus attention on the relevant aspects of a task. So consistency helps to reduce the learning time for a product since the user gets familiar with the given experience(minhas, 2018). Consistency also enables users to become familiar with your website, your brand, etc. and ensures that your company interacts with them (Soegaard, 2018).

Functional consistency refers to the consistency of meaning and action(Lidwell & Holden, 2003). Functional consistency improves usability and learnability by enabling people to leverage existing knowledge about how the design functions. It also increases the predictability of the product. Predictability leads to users feeling safe and secure(Nikolov, 2017). For example, videocassette recorder control symbols, such as for rewind, play, forward, are now used on devices ranging from slide projectors to MP3 music players.

Internal consistency refers to consistency with other elements in the system (Lidwell & Holden, 2003). Internal consistency cultivates trust with people; it is an indicator that a system has been designed, and not cobbled together. Within any logical grouping, elements should be aesthetically and functionally consistent with one another.

External consistency refers to consistency with other elements in the environment(Lidwell & Holden, 2003). External consistency extends the benefits of internal consistency across multiple, independent systems. It is more difficult to achieve because different systems rarely observe common design standards.

 

 

 

References:

Lidwell,W., Holden, K., & Butler, J. (2003). Aesthetic-Usability Effect. In Universal Principles of Design (pp.46). Massachusetts: Rockport.

minhas, s. (2018). Consistency — A Key Design Principle – Prototypr. Retrieved from https://blog.prototypr.io/consistency-a-key-design-principle-5d125469da8e

Nikolov, A. (2017). Design principle: Consistency – UX Collective. Retrieved from https://uxdesign.cc/design-principle-consistency-6b0cf7e7339f

Soegaard, M. (2018). Consistency: MORE than what you think. Retrieved from https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/consistency-more-than-what-you-think